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The 99 names of Allah ((アラビア語:أسماء الله الحسنى) ', Beautiful Names of Allah) are the names of God in Islam. They are described in the Quran and Sunnah, among other places.〔Abdullah Saeed, ''The Qur'an: An Introduction'', pg. 63. London: Routledge, 2008. ISBN 9781134102945〕 According to ''hadith'' there is a special group of 99 names, but no enumeration of them. Thus the exact list is not agreed upon, and the names of God (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed a total of 99 in the Quran and Sunnah. According to a ''hadith'' narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, some of the names of God have also been hidden from mankind. == Origin == According to Islamic tradition,〔Ibn Majah, Book of Du`a; Imam Malik, ''Muwatta', Kitab al-Shi`r''.〕 Muhammad is said to have invoked God by a number of names. The most common hadith used to cite the 99 names is considered weak, though there are less commonly cited hadith which are considered authentic and also support the same point.〔Diane Morgan, ''Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice'', pg. 10. Santa Barbara, California Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2010. ISBN 9780313360251〕 A widely accepted hadith in Sahih Muslim states: Over time, it became custom to recite a list of 99 names, compiled by al-Walid ibn Muslim, as an addendum to the ''hadith''. In 2005, Mahmoud Abdel-Razek compiled an alternative list, endorsing only 69 from the al-Walid list.〔Mahmoud Abdul Razek Al Radwany, "Of the 99 Names Of Allah That We Repeat: Only 69 Are Authentic" published in the Egyptian daily, Al Ahram, on Nov 18, 2005. His objections are mostly grammatical in that a 'name' in Arabic must be a noun: "only 69 of those Names are authenticated from the Quran and Sunnah, while 29 are not authentic in that 22 are verbs or adjectives, and 7 are 'modafa' or 'added to.'" (Islamic Forum )〕 The Quran refers to the names of God as God's "most beautiful Names" (''(unicode:al-ʾasmāʾ al-ḥusnā)'').〔See the ''sura''s "Al-A'raf" ((7:180 )), "Al-Isra" ((17:110 )), "Ta-Ha" ((20:8 )) and "Al-Hashr" ((59:24 )).〕 According to Gerhard Böwering: Mystic philosopher Ibn Arabi surmised that the 99 names are outward signs of the universe's inner mysteries.〔〔Malcolm Clark, ''Islam For Dummies''. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 9781118053966〕 Most, though not all, of the 99 names appear in the Quran with a smaller number appearing exclusively in the hadith.〔〔〔Martin Parsons, ''Unveiling God'', pg. 206. William Carey Library, 2005. ISBN 9780878084548〕〔Juan Eduardo Campo, ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', pg. 515. Infobase Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9781438126968〕 The total number of all names in both the Quran and the hadith actually add up to more than 99,〔〔Susanne Enderwitz, "The 99: Islamic Superheroes - A New Species." Taken from ''Transcultural Turbulences: Towards a Multi-Sited Reading of Image Flows'', pgs. 84-85. Springer, 2011. ISBN 9783642183935〕〔(The 99 names of Allah ); the ‘Most Beautiful Names’ at BBC Online. Accessed 8 April 2014.〕 though only 99 are supposedly those which are referred to in the hadith as the exclusion of others. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Names of God in Islam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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